![]() ![]() ![]() Finally, we explore how knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying pathological and physiological hypertrophy may influence therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. How gender and sex hormones affect cardiac hypertrophy is also discussed. We discuss molecular mechanisms associated with features of cardiac hypertrophy, including protein synthesis, sarcomeric organization, fibrosis, cell death and energy metabolism and provide a summary of profiling studies that have examined genes, microRNAs and proteins that are differentially expressed in models of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. In particular, we focus on signaling pathways that play a causal role in the development of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. The mechanism by which these channels induce pathological hypertrophy is unclear, at least to us, but is thought to involve Ca 2+ influx through the TRP channels810. This review summarizes key experimental findings that have contributed to our understanding of pathological and physiological heart growth. TRP channel expression is increased in hearts with pathological stress and their presence has been linked to the induction and maintenance of pathological hypertrophy8, 64. Given that there are clear functional, structural, metabolic and molecular differences between pathological and physiological hypertrophy, a key question in cardiovascular medicine is whether mechanisms responsible for enhancing function of the athlete's heart can be exploited to benefit patients with pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. no fibrosis or apoptosis) and normal or enhanced cardiac function. ![]() the 'athlete's heart') is reversible and is characterized by normal cardiac morphology (i.e. There are differences in cardiac properties between these two types of hypertrophy. In contrast, physiological cardiac hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in response to chronic exercise training, i.e. Pressure overload, such as hypertension, to the heart causes pathological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas chronic exercise causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which is defined as athletic heart. Pathological hypertrophy is associated with increased interstitial fibrosis, cell death and cardiac dysfunction. hypertension) is a key risk factor for heart failure. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, e.g. Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |